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Stem Cells CD34

 Cord blood research is related to stem cell research. These fetal stem cells (CD 34), which are inherent in cord blood, cause less graft-versus-host reactions after transplantation. Recognition of this potentiality in the scientific world has resulted in the collection and harvesting of these cord blood stem cells in many laboratories all over the world. However, these hematopoietic stem cells constitute only 0.01% of the nucleated cells of the cord blood. The rest, i.e., 99.99% of the cord blood is not used for the most part. This wasted precious gift of Mother Nature is rich in fetal hemoglobin, growth factors, and other cytokine filled plasma, and is moreover protected in the infection-free environment inside the placenta in case of a healthy newborn. It, too, has great potentials, and it has been shown that it can be used not only as a safe alternative to adult blood for transfusion, but also has the added advantage of its various properties, which actually help in the all-round development of a neonate. This is significant because for years a search has been going on for a suitable hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, and chemically or genetically modified bovine RBC or hemoglobin extracted from sea creatures like the sea worm (Arenicola merina) have been tried out for the purpose.As a new human grows and develops inside its mother, blood is made to circulate to all the vital organs bringing nutrients from the mother to the fetus and carrying waste products back to the mother. Fetal blood in the placenta exchanges waste products from the baby for nutrients and oxygen from the mother and carries the ‘good stuff’ from the mother back to the fetus through one large vessel, the umbilical vein. Roughly one-third to 40% of all blood that the fetus makes is outside the fetus at any point of time, flowing to the mother or coming back from the mother. In pregnancy, there are dramatic and continuous molecular and biochemical changes with the progression of the gestation both for the fetus and the mother because there are two distinct separate genomes operating under the same organism (the mother). There are two distinct lines of blood supply with a unique interface (trophoblast) which have the specific functions of anchoring, controlling, transporting and metabolizing the specific need for the growth and maturation of the fetus, for that gestational state of growth and maturation. There are direct and indirect interactions between the mother, the embryo or the fetus, the placenta, the extra-amniotic membrane and

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